Collections held by the Archives and Special Collections: Arthur Amiotte Oscar Howe Robert Penn Charles Trimble Cato Valandra Rosebud Yellow Robe Image of Charles Trimble from the Digital Library of South Dakota.

Charles Trimble was born in Wanblee SD in 1935. He received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from USD in 2008 for his distinguished record of public service and was inducted in the South Dakota Hall of Fame in 2013. Below are listed some of the organizations Mr. Trimble has served: American Indian Press Association National Congress of American Indian American Indian National Bank in Washington DC ARROW, Inc. National Center for American Indian Enterprise Development World Council of Indigenous Peoples U.N. Sub-commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Human Rights Experts meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe Board of Trustees of the Nebraska State Historical Society Board of the Nebraska State Historical Society Foundation State Historic Preservation Board American Folklife Center Board of Trustees in the Library of Congress Institute of American Indian Studies at the University of South Dakota For his biography and a more complete list of his service, see the Institute of American Indian Studies News Report, Spring 2009 on the Digital Library of South Dakota. Please contact the Archives and Special Collections for a guide to his papers.

American History in the Mahoney Music Collection This week we celebrate the birth of our nation, with this Friday marking the 238th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. Throughout those two centuries, music has played a key role in shaping our American culture, and the Mahoney Music Collection is lucky to hold some of the best of our American music history. I poured through records, combed the stacks – and even got caught in the back room during a power outage! – to compile this feature on American music from the Mahoney Music Collection. The American Violinist, J. F. Hanks (mid 1800s) Beginners’ method book containing small exercises, music theory basics, and simple, two-part tunes. It gives information about the instrument’s construction, great violinists, playing in groups, and using the violin for teaching vocal music. Also has a supplement of Jacob Augustus Otto’s treatise. One Hundred and Fifty Years of Music Publishing in the United States, William Arms Fisher (1933) Fisher traces music printing in the U.S. from through the centuries. The very first book of music, though “crudely-printed”, was 9th edition of The Bay Psalm Book in 1698 Massachusetts (previous versions only contained text). Included are stories of prominent publishers such as Schirmer, Lyon & Healy, and Witmark, plus numerous maps, portraits, and other illustrations. A Treasury of American Folklore, B. A. Botkin (1944) With a forward by Carl Sandburg and almost a thousand pages of tales, this book is really a gem of Americana. It covers everything from Pecos Bill and Paul Bunyan to nursery tales and ghost stories. The reason it is part of the Mahoney collection is the large section of ballads and songs, arranged into chapters with titles like “Songs of Sailormen and Rivermen”, “Cowboy Songs”, and “Hobo and Jailhouse Songs”. Each individual song has a verse and chorus written out on the staff, then printed lyrics for the (abundant) remaining verses. Some even have a brief history of the tune. I didn’t recognize many of the titles, but just sight-reading some them was fun. Ten Years a Cowboy, Tex Bender, the Cowboy Fiddler (1886) Cowboy Fiddler, Frankie McWhorter & John R. Erickson (1992) These two volumes are amazingly not about the same person. I was stunned to find Ten Years a Cowboy and learn about the legendary Tex Bender, and was even more excited to come across Cowboy Fiddler. Actually, there are four books in the collection about fiddling cowboys! Apparently there is an American tradition of cowboys playing the violin. Harmonica? – sure, they’re rather portable. But violin…? Cowboy Fiddler is the memoir of Frankie McWhorter, a cowboy who played in Bob Wills’s band. The other, Ten Years a Cowboy, is more mysterious. I couldn’t track down who this legendary fiddler was, or how he got his nickname, but this is another beautiful example of Americana. Fantastic illustrations accompany “the story, romance and adventures of a life on the plains with the varied experiences as cow-boy, stock-owner, rancher”. Maud Powell, Pioneer American Violinist; Karen A. Schaffer and Neva Garner Greenwood (1988) Among all our musician biographies, I felt I had to include Maud Powell in this salute-to-America post. For, not only was she “America’s first great master of the violin” when much of classical music was imported from Europe, but she was also a woman. Even today, there is a huge gender disparity in professional orchestras. At the turn of the 20th century, there was an even larger bias toward women performers. Maud Powell is a chapter in American history not only about music but also about feminism. She broke barriers to bring American musicians on par with European, and to bring female musicians on par with the men. One of my heroes. . . . . and FYI, the United States shares its birthday with Charles Burney’s first history of music, A General History Of Music From The Earliest Ages To The Present Period. ACS

For the 250th birthday celebration of the United States of America, we are resharing this wonderful 2014 blog post by Archives and Special Collections' employee Abigail Proehl about our music book collection: American History in the Mahoney Music Collection This week we celebrate the birth of our nation, with this Friday marking the 238th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. Throughout those two centuries, music has played a key role in shaping our American culture, and the Mahoney Music Collection is lucky to hold some of the best of our American music history. I poured through records, combed the stacks - and even got caught in the back room during a power outage! – to compile this feature on American music from the Mahoney Music Collection. The American Violinist, J. F. Hanks (mid-1800s) This is a beginners’ method book containing small exercises, music theory basics, and simple, two-part tunes. It gives information about the instrument’s construction, great violinists, playing in groups, and using the violin for teaching vocal music. Also has a supplement of Jacob Augustus Otto’s treatise. Fisher, William Arms. One Hundred and Fifty Years of Music Publishing in the United States : An Historical Sketch with Special Reference to the Pioneer Publisher, Oliver Ditson Company, Inc., 1783-1933. Oliver Ditson Co., 1933. Fisher traces music printing in the U.S. from through the centuries. The very first book of music, though "crudely-printed", was 9th edition of The Bay Psalm Book in 1698 Massachusetts (previous versions only contained text). Included are stories of prominent publishers such as Schirmer, Lyon & Healy, and Witmark, plus numerous maps, portraits, and other illustrations. Post, Charles Clement. Ten Years a Cowboy. Rhodes & McClure publishing company, 1908. With a forward by Carl Sandburg and almost a thousand pages of tales, Botkin's book is really a gem of Americana. It covers everything from Pecos Bill and Paul Bunyan to nursery tales and ghost stories. The reason it is part of the Mahoney collection is the large section of ballads and songs, arranged into chapters with titles like "Songs of Sailormen and Rivermen", "Cowboy Songs", and "Hobo and Jailhouse Songs". Each individual song has a verse and chorus written out on the staff, then printed lyrics for the (abundant) remaining verses. Some even have a brief history of the tune. I didn't recognize many of the titles, but just sight-reading some them was fun. McWhorter, Frankie, and John R. Erickson. Cowboy Fiddler. Texas Tech University Press, 1992. These two volumes are amazingly not about the same person. I was stunned to find Ten Years a Cowboy and learn about the legendary Tex Bender, and was even more excited to come across Cowboy Fiddler. Actually, there are four books in the collection about fiddling cowboys! Apparently there is an American tradition of cowboys playing the violin. Harmonica? - sure, they're rather portable. But violin...? Cowboy Fiddler is the memoir of Frankie McWhorter, a cowboy who played in Bob Wills's band. The other, Ten Years a Cowboy, is more mysterious. I couldn't track down who this legendary fiddler was, or how he got his nickname, but this is another beautiful example of Americana. Fantastic illustrations accompany "the story, romance and adventures of a life on the plains with the varied experiences as cow-boy, stock-owner, rancher". Shaffer, Karen A., and Neva Garner Greenwood. Maud Powell, Pioneer American Violinist. Maud Powell Foundation, 1988. Among all our musician biographies, I felt I had to include Maud Powell in this salute-to-America post. For, not only was she "America's first great master of the violin" when much of classical music was imported from Europe, but she was also a woman. Even today, there is a huge gender disparity in professional orchestras. At the turn of the 20th century, there was an even larger bias toward women performers. Maud Powell is a chapter in American history not only about music but also about feminism. She broke barriers to bring American musicians on par with European, and to bring female musicians on par with the men. One of my heroes. . . . . and FYI, the United States shares its birthday with Charles Burney's first history of music, A General History Of Music From The Earliest Ages To The Present Period. ACS

This blog is based on a transcript of an interview by University of South Dakota Professor Stephen Ward and John Stockert (Naturalist and Executive Secretary of the Badlands Natural History Association) on August 5, 1970, as part of the South Dakota Oral History Project (SDOHP #0068). Ward and Stockert interviewed John and Celia Everett who were early homesteaders in Jackson County, South Dakota. The couple married in Spencer, Iowa in 1910 and then moved to the Badlands shortly afterwards. They first homesteaded near Cedar Pass in the Badlands and later homesteaded near Interior, South Dakota until 1942. Please note that in this blog I did not alter spelling or grammar from the original transcript as identified by quotation marks. The lines (____) indicate that the transcriber was not sure of what the interviewee said. The Everetts were ranchers who had cattle, turkeys, milk cows, and hogs. They cultivated a large garden and raised alfalfa for cattle feed. When they first homesteaded, cattle were branded. Because at that time the land had no fences, cattle roamed freely. Cattle also grazed on Pine Ridge Reservation land close to their homestead. As more settlers moved to the area, landowners fenced their property. John and Celia also mentioned wild animals they encountered on their homesteads including rattlesnakes, skunks, prairie dogs, wolves, and coyotes. Celia described a close encounter with a rattlesnake in her home as follows. “I tell you one time, John was (sleeping?) this was on Sunday morning and he was (sleeping?) and we had a little hole dug down under that cabin that we used as________butter, cream and milk down there. And I now___________down in there to get some butter. And I_______ made a noise and I looked at it and there____________thing was crawling right around my butter dish there, and I didn't want no butter.” (laughter) The couple were Catholics. They had no access to a Catholic Church in Interior, South Dakota and had mass once a month in their home. After going occasionally to the Presbyterian church in Interior, they became members of that church. Celia Everett also discussed the emergence of the Ku Klux Klan in the Black Hills and Badlands in the 1920s. Prior to attending a KKK meeting Celia Everett mentioned “"Why can't you ask me?" and she said, "You wouldn't want to go to that, would you?" "Yes,", I said, "I, I'd like to go and hear what they got to say. I'd like to see what they’re doing."” She goes on to relate that some residents were against the KKK, according to Celia Everett, a friend stated, ““No," he says, "I'm not gonna join it. It looks like it's (there) just to be against the Catholics," he says, "Some of those Catholics are my very best friends," and he says, "I'm not gonna join it.”” John Stockert asked why the KKK didn’t last in Interior. Celia Everett remarked, “ Oh, I don't think it lasted long, you know what happened then, you know, all those men that signed up and they signed up all right, but they didn't pay their dues. You know, the old fella come there and they wanted their dues.” In another portion of the interview, Celia mentioned that geologists, archeologists, and paleontologists visited the Badlands which was rich in fossils. The following interchange between John Stockert and Celia Everett illustrated what transpired. “We had geologists there in, let's see, now (Eddie?) was about 8 years old and they dug up, you know, back in the_____________they'd dig out and bring out all different kinds of bones. And they'd, they'd tell us what, what some of them animals,_______________but I can't remember what kind they thought they were.” Celia Everett identified the geologists as Drs. Brunt and Ward. The Everetts also mentioned finding Indian artifacts. When their children were old enough to go to school, the family moved into a house in Interior, SD. John and Celia also discussed the effects of the Great Depression, grasshopper plagues, lack of rain, and the Dust Bowl on their livelihood including loss of cattle and horses when feed was unavailable. They survived by selling turkeys. Finally, the couple mentioned the development of the Badlands National Monument and John’s role in constructing tunnels there. Interior became the gateway to the Badlands Monument. This interview presents a window into homesteading near the Badlands. According to their obituaries, in the 1950s the Everetts moved to Rapid City where they lived for the rest of their lives. *Interior, South Dakota in 1904. Note that the city was part of Pennington County at that time and was located just north of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. References: South Dakota Oral History Project. Interview: SDOHP #0068. Charles Rambow. The Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s: A Concentration on the Black Hills. South Dakota History. Vol. 4, Issue 1, 1973. Mattison, Ray H. and Robert A. Grom. History of Badlands National Monument, and the White River (Big) Badlands of South Dakota. [1st ed.], Badlands Natural History Association, 1970. Hall, Philip S. Reflections of the Badlands. University of South Dakota Press, 1993. * Peterson, E. Frank. Historical Atlas of South Dakota: Containing State and County Maps, Geologic Maps, Statistical Charts, Geography, Geology, History, Descriptive Notes, Tables, Etc. University of South Dakota, 1904.

Instructions for navigating and searching through finding aids on ArchivesSpace were recently written by the Archives and Special Collections staff. The Archives and Special Collections department is moving our Richardson Collection finding aids to ArchivesSpace. Though the physical location and the format of the finding aids are changing, you can continue to access the finding aids through the Archives and Special Collections website.

Darrow, A. N., et al. Map of the Missouri River : From Its Mouth to Three Forks, Montana. Missouri River Commission, 1892-1895. This segment shows the Vermillion and Burbank, SD area. Though the name never appeared on a map, the bend of the Missouri River south of Burbank, SD was called Negro Bend. The French named it after a local settlement of Black woodcutters who sold fuel wood to steamboats. On many maps, the region is called Kate Sweeney Bend, after a steamboat that sunk in the area in 1855. Source: Carlberg, Janet Joyce. “A study of place-names in Clay County, South Dakota.” Master’s Thesis, University of South Dakota, 1962. Call number LD 5071.3x .C1918. This thesis is in the University Libraries, and the Missouri River Commission maps are in the Archives and Special Collections.

Eastern part of SD was in Iowa Territory 1838–1846. Morse, Sidney Edwards. Iowa and Wisconsin : Chiefly from the Map of J.N. Nicollet. s.n., 1844. Eastern part of SD was in Minnesota Territory 1849–1858. Rogers, Henry D., et al. Territory of Minnesota. H.D. Rogers, 1857. Western part of SD was in Nebraska Territory 1854–1861. Colton, J. H. Nebraska and Kanzas [Sic]. J.H. Colton & Co., 1855. SD was entirely in Dakota Territory 1861-1889. The original boundaries of Dakota Territory are shown on the first map below. The final boundaries are shown in the second map below. Johnson, Alvin Jewett. Johnson’s Nebraska, Dakota, Colorado, & Kansas. Johnson & Browning, 1862. Mitchell, Samuel Augustus. All these maps can be viewed at the Archives and Special Collections. Prior to Iowa Territory, the area that would become South Dakota was Native American land, Louisiana Territory, Missouri Territory, Michigan Territory and Wisconsin Territory.

The Works Projects Administration papers at the University of South Dakota Archives and Special Collections have recipe cards for 50 different ways you can prepare a pheasant. The South Dakota WPA Writers Project selected 12 of the 50 for their booklet “Fifty Million Pheasants.” Below is not one of the twelve, but it sounds tasty. To see a list of the Writers’ Program projects in South Dakota: Writers’ Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of South Dakota. A Catalog of South Dakota Writers’ Project Publications : Fall and Winter, 1941-42. Vermillion: U of South Dakota, 1942. Z1335 .W75x or GOV DOCS ED 1200:W 939.

“Since 1972, EROS has worked to map, monitor, and analyze land change across our nation and around the world” (EROS website). This USGS facility is located by Sioux Falls, SD, and is a treasure-trove of satellite images and aerial photographs.” Documents and photographs concerning the early history of EROS and ERTS (Earth Resources Technology Satellite) can be found in the James G. Abourezk papers in the Archives and Special Collections. Also, a couple of the archival collections have large photographs that I believe came from EROS. I particularly like the 38” x 38” black and white photograph of the USD campus in 1999. Quote from EROS website, (accessed 2/4/2022)