In addition to IAIS files in the Archives, I recently started cataloguing photographs associated with IAIS (or Institute) activities. For example, the image below shows Doc William O. Farber and Margaret Cash behind a cake inscribed “40th Anniversary Institute of American Indian Studies,1955-1995”. Margaret Cash and Doc Farber stand behind the 40th Anniversary cake. Archives and Special Collections. IAIS photographs, Box 5, folder, 6. Dr. Farber, and Dr. Wesley Hurt (Director of the W. H. Over Museum and the Institute and renowned anthropologist) founded the Institute in 1955. Margaret Cash’s late husband, Joseph Harper Cash, Dean of Arts and Sciences (and a History Professor) headed the institute for four years. Cash and fellow USD historian Dr. Herbert Hoover were instrumental in recording oral histories with Native Americans (which are now archived at the South Dakota Oral History Center). Seventy-one years later, the Institute still exists. According to its website, the IAIS has three missions: https://www.usd.edu/About/Departments-Offices-and-Resources/Institute-for-American-Indian-Studies 1) “to explore the history, languages, and traditions of Native American tribes. We also champion educational opportunities for students of Native American descent. 2) to support research that works closely with tribal communities and honors their traditions. We encourage research that uses Indigenous perspectives, leading to a deeper understanding of their experiences. 3) to act as a central hub within the university for all things related to Native American cultures. We hold annual meetings to connect everyone working on Indigenous issues, ensuring a respectful approach that values tribal customs.” The photographs in this collection (dating from the late 1900s to 2004) illustrate these missions, highlighting directors, Native American activities at USD, Native American leaders, student activities and achievements, and community interactions. The collection contains photographs from the IAIS publication entitled News Report (later known as the Bulletin). The Digital Library of South Dakota contains these publications from the 1950s to 2009. (https://explore.digitalsd.org/digital/collection/univ_arc/search/searchterm/Institute%20of%20American%20Indian%20Studies/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and/order/date) . Bush Grant faculty and IAIS personnel. IAIS Director Leonard Bruguier is the man wearing the hat. The gentleman with the crossed arms is Bruce Chandler, head of the Oral History Project. Archives and Special Collections. IAIS Photographs, Box 2, folder 17. Image is also in the August 1992 News Report. More than a hundred photographs from 1966-1967 that commemorate Indian Community Action Projects (ICAP) activities. These include reservation outreach programs such as health care training, constructing houses, home economics, Head Start programs, and workshops. Many of the programs were based on reservations. Although ICAP at USD ended in 1972, some programs still exist. USD student Debbie Ann Moliter with children at a Head Start Christmas party, December 1966. Archives and Special Collections IAIS Photographs, Box 6, folder 3. To develop a pipeline for Native American high school students to attend college, in the 1960s USD initiated the Federal program: Upward Bound. This program is still active at USD. Moreover, with the increase of Native American students on campus, newly formed clubs and organizations supported and helped students succeed in college. In the Spring of 2001, Leonard R. Bruguier (Director of the IAIS) and Scott E. White (Director of the Oral History Center for the IAIS) wrote an excellent history about the development of the IAIS and the South Dakota Oral history Center (Indigenous Nations Studies Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1, (https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0e90ee11-54af-479b-ae60-301bc45eb964/content). In the article, the authors reiterate the purposes of the Institute from a historical perspective. The article also mentions the directors of the Institute including Dr. Wesley Hurt, Major General Lloyd R. Moses, Joseph Cash, and Cato Valandra. In conjunction with the IAIS collection that contains papers of directors, manuscripts, and books, the IAIS photograph collection helps researchers appreciate the IAIS history and achievements over the years. Both Native and non-Native students on the USD campus benefit from IAIS activities and the collaborations the IAIS fostered with Native Americans communities over seven decades. Further Information about the IAIS and its Directors available in USD Archives and Special Collections: USD Archives: Institute of Indian Studies Collection (ICAP, Head Start, conferences and workshops) Institute of American Indian Studies Collection (includes Leonard Bruguier and Patrice Kunesh papers and the Development of the Oral History Project at USD) Joseph Harper Cash Papers Richardson Collection: Lloyd Roosevelt Moses Papers Cato Valandra Papers Charles Trimble Papers

On November 18, 1976, Herman Chilson (1905-1986), a scholar, historian of the Northern Plains, and author, donated his entire Western Americana collection to the University of South Dakota. According to a December 7, 1976, Volante article, the gift encompassed items Chilson collected over a 60-year period. To amass this large private library, Chilson visited bookstores and auctions and acquired other collections containing western art and literature. Notable holdings include works by Leonard Jennewein, S. S. Visher, W. O. Wemette, and Hjalmar Holand, as well as Alfred Petersen’s bird paintings and books. Among other endeavors, Chilson was an avid and well-known ornithologist. Even after his initial donation, he continued to contribute materials to USD’s library holdings. Robert Carmack, then director of the USD Libraries, described the collection as a “living legacy to one man’s concern about the past and the future” in his 1982 forward to a catalog of about 6,000 items in the Chilson Collection (Herman P. Chilson Western Americana collection – University of South Dakota). To lend further credence to this idea, the library has continually added more items to the Chilson Collection, which now constitutes the largest collection in the Archives and Special Collections, holding over 19,100 items. In recognition for his work, Chilson, along with Herbert Schell, historian, author, and USD Professor Emeritus, received the 1978 Dakota Conference Award for Distinguished Contribution to the Preservation of Cultural Heritage of South Dakota and the Northern Plains. In 1982, Chilson received an honorary doctorate from the University of South Dakota to acknowledge the enduring impact of his Northen Plains scholarship. Aside from printed materials from the Chilson Collection available at Archives and Special Collections (https://libguides.usd.edu/ASCCollections/chilson), items are accessible digitally as part of the South Dakota Digital Library (https://explore.digitalsd.org/digital/collection/chilson). Chilson’s vast collection of books, maps, manuscripts, and images are a treasure trove for researchers of western American history and culture including a large section about Indigenous peoples’ culture and history. Robert Carmack (wearing glasses), director of the library, examining a map with Herman P. Chilson. USD Photograph Collection, Series 10, 12393.5 Blog posts associated with the Chilson Collection: Major strengths of the Chilson Collection by Doris Peterson, 2019. Andreas’ Historical Atlas of Dakota: Chilson Collection by Evelyn Schlenker, 2025. https://archivesandspecialcollections.wordpress.com/?s=Chilson

In an article published in South Dakota History on December 27, 1989, Governor George S. Mickelson reflected on the first hundred years of South Dakota as a State. Governor Mickelson remarked that President Benjamin Harrison signed proclamations in 1889 forming four states: South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, and Washington. To commemorate the 100th birthday of South Dakota, the South Dakota Centennial Commission created a vision for grass roots, volunteer-directed groups of people throughout South Dakota to celebrate the legacy and heritage of South Dakotan’s achievements. In 1989 hundreds of activities took place in all communities across the state. The Commission’s bimonthly journal, the Centennial Sentinel, enabled readers to appreciate the variety of hundreds of events from trail rides, parades, pioneer reenactments dances, to art exhibits from July 1987 to October/November 1989 when the centennial concluded. At the University of South Dakota (USD), two major exhibits in the Fine Arts Gallery contributed to the centennial celebration. According to the description in the Gallery activities summary of 1988-1989 exhibitions the first exhibit “The Missouri River Centennial Exhibition” extolled the importance of the Missouri River running through of the seven states: North and South Dakota, Iowa, Montana, Nebraska, and Kansas. The exhibit included historical paintings, drawings, and contemporary art by artists from these states. The University Art Galleries and the Dahl Arts Center in Rapid City cosponsored this exhibition. Photograph of the entrance to the Missouri River Exhibition. USD Photograph Collection, Series 10, 13,5135.1. The Heritage Center at the Red Cloud Indian School, Pine Ridge, with support by the South Dakota Arts Council, promoted the second traveling statewide exhibit “Lakota Arts Continuum: One Hundred Years of the Oglala and Their Relatives.” The magnificent art pieces displayed represented “historical, transitional, and contemporary periods” of the Oglala people. Below is an image from the exhibit (USD Photographs, Series 10, 13,503.2). Both exhibits as well as the hundreds of local and statewide activities celebrated the one hundred years of South Dakota’s existence. As Governor Mickelson stated, the people, the weather, and the geography shaped development of South Dakota. He concluded his paper with the following: “Vision provides the goal. Wisdom and integrity provide the strategy. Courage, cooperation, and perseverance lead us to success. And flexibility will enable us to adapt to rapid change.” The South Dakota Centennial Logo. (South Dakota Centennial Commission. The Centennial Finale Program. Centennial Commission, 1990). References: Governor George S. Mickelson. South Dakota's First Century: Legacies Past and Future. South Dakota History. Volume 19, no 4, Dec. 27, 1989, pages 556-578. https://www.sdhspress.com/journal/south-dakota-history-19-4/south-dakotas-first-century-legacies-past-and-future/vol-19-no-4-south-dakotas-first-century.pdf South Dakota Centennial Commission. Centennial Sentinel. South Dakota State Centennial Office, Pierre, SD.1987-1989. Exhibit announcements:Subseries 1: By Year, 1989, Box: 01, Folder: 11. Fine Arts, Art, Exhibition Posters and Announcements, Temp-USD-001. USD Archives and Special Collections.

First started by fur traders, Dakota Territory trading posts provided places for patrons to meet, have a drink of whiskey or two, purchase items needed for everyday living or work, obtain jobs, get a room for the night, or obtain a ride to another town. Cuthbert DuCharme (“Old Pap”), a French-Canadian fur trader, arrived in Dakota Territory in 1857 and set up a notorious trading post that lasted for three decades. Digitalization of Cuthbert DuCharme’s Trading Post Ledger in the Chilson Collection (https://explore.digitalsd.org/digital/collection/chilson/id/1525/rec/5) allows the public to view a record of when and who purchased clothing, material, merchandise for work, and even livestock at the DuCharme trading post over a four year period. Entries indicate that patrons bought substantial amounts of whiskey as drinks, by the bottle, or by the gallon. Rare entries indicate purchases of brandy, wine, or even champagne. From the change in handwriting the ledger showed that different people made entries into the ledger over the three-year period. Entry legibility differed. Moreover, the ledger contained several pages written in French. In addition, the ledger records rents of livestock and wagons as well as employment of workers. On November 19, 1870, entries denote the transportation of individuals for voting purposes. Certain entries reflect limited number purchases, while others indicate that the buyer was acquiring goods for a household or a larger group. Importantly, the price of goods was steep. One dollar in 1870 equates to over $24.00 today (https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1870). Page 478 of the ledger (see below) indicates that in 1857 DuCharme claimed land near the Fort Randall Military Reservation. By 1872 DuCharme’s estate consisted of the trading post, a chicken house, a home, corals, livestock, two corn cribs, rails, cedar posts, and 850 acres of land for cultivation. The trading post sold crops grown on the estate. Thus, this ledger illustrates DuCharme’s entrepreneurship. Importantly, the ledger documents who purchased items, when and what they purchased, and the cost of each item. This ledger adds to the studies of trading post economics in Dakota Territory. Page 478 of the ledger showing the contents of DuCharme’s estate. Cuthbert ‘Old Papineau’ DuCharme’s trading post. The renovated building, originally located near Fort Randall, is in the Geddes Historic Village. Bernie Hunhoff gave permission to publish the photograph. References: Doris Peterson’s blog about DuCharme’s Trading Post Ledger, March 31, 2015 Dan Daily. Papers of the Forty-Third Annual Dakota Conference, compiled by Kristi Thomas and Harry F. Thompson, Sioux Falls, SD: The Center for Western Studies, Augustana College, 2011, pages 50-61. A description of Cuthbert DuCharme (also known as Old Papineau) and his renovated trading post moved to Geddes, South Dakota is in the South Dakota Magazine. https://www.southdakotamagazine.com/geddes-historic-village Library of Congress 1878 Dakota Territory map: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4170.cws00194 Chris B. Nelson. Storied Structures: Log Cabins in South Dakota. South Dakota History, 50(4), pages 296-267.

The 1983 image below from the University of South Dakota (USD) Photograph Collection (negative #13,1481.1) depicts John A. Day, Dean of the College Fine Arts, standing on one side of a bronze bust of Peter Norbeck with his hand on the bust. On the other side is Peter Norbeck’s grandson Karl Wegner, MD, the bust's donor. In 1980 John A. Day assumed the deanship of the College of Fine Arts at USD. Since 1977, he was founder and director of the University Art Galleries. Previously, he was the Chair of the Department of Fine Arts at USD. By 1983, Karl Wegner had an illustrative career in the USD School of Medicine as a faculty member and founder of the Laboratory of Clinical Medicine that provided pathology services throughout the state of South Dakota. Importantly, in 1973, Dr. Wegner took over as the Dean of the USD School of Medicine (then a two-year school since 1907) and Vice President of Health Sciences. The following year, Karl Wegner became the founding dean of the four-year medical school. His hard work promoting the concept of a medical school without walls and acquiring funding was critical for the medical school’s success. Peter Norbeck served as state senator, became Lieutenant Governor in 1916, and ninth Governor of South Dakota from 1917-1921. Subsequently, Peter Norbeck served as US Senator for three terms until his death in 1936 at the age of sixty-six. Peter Norbeck was instrumental in developing tourism in the Black Hills. Part of his efforts included hiring well known sculptor Gutzon Borglum to carve the heads of presidents, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Jefferson on Mount Rushmore. Gutzon Borglum made two bronze busts of Peter Norbeck. In 1951, Peter Norbeck’s widow, Lydia Norbeck, gave one bust to the State of South Dakota where it sits in the capital building in Pierre. The other bust became part of the USD Art Collection and was part of a 1984 exhibit honoring Borglum’s impressive art works. Today the USD bust is located in room 118 in Old Main. References: The University of South Dakota Archives and Special Collections holds both Peter Norbeck and Karl Wegner’s papers. -Peter Norbeck Papers (MS 116), Richardson Collection, Archives and Special Collections, The University of South Dakota. https://archives.usd.edu/repositories/2/resources/33 -Karl Wegner Papers, Richardson Collection, Archives and Special Collections, The University of South Dakota. https://sdarchives.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/accessions/504 The 1984 brochure honoring Gutzon Borglum: Aldern, N. G, et al. Gutzon Borglum: The Artist and the Man. The Broadcaster, Inc., Vermillion, SD. 1984. Below are the brochure title page and photograph of the Norbeck bust image from the catalogue.

Vermillion and vicinity - RD12124 - USD - Richardson Collection - Digital Library of South Dakota (DLSD) In late March to early April of 1881, catastrophe struck Vermillion, Dakota Territory then located on a peninsula between the Vermillion and Missouri Rivers. Large ice floes and heavy snow melts destroyed three-quarters of the city. In addition, the flood caused the Missouri River and Vermillion River to change their courses dramatically. Vermillion was no longer a river town. City leaders made the decision to rebuild the town on the bluffs overlooking the flood plain. According to a July 1881, Dakota Republican editorial by Frank Brudick, by the summer of that year many businesses established themselves in the new downtown Vermillion. Twenty years after the floods, this digital pictorial booklet, “Vermillion and Vicinity” was printed. By then, Vermillion, South Dakota boasted a vibrant downtown with large brick buildings housing businesses including livery stables, furniture stores, pharmacies, two banks (First National Bank and Clay County Bank), and mercantile stores. The booklet did not contain names of photographers, but Henry Butler, pioneer photographer, took pictures of Vermillion before the flood and buildings on the USD campus. The booklet includes images of the University of South Dakota (USD) that started in 1882 as the University of Dakota. By 1901 USD consisted of three buildings East Hall, West Hall, and Old Main; a fourth, Science Hall, would be constructed in 1902. An architectural rendering of Science Hall by W. R. Parsons and Son illustrates the three-story brick building with unique architectural features. Additional photographs denote farming enterprises including orchards, strawberry fields, wheat, and corn fields. Each photograph identifies the farm owner and may show the processes involved in harvesting the crops. Nine pages present photographs of residences belonging to prominent Vermillion people such M. D. Thompson, Mrs. H. J. Austin, T. R. Walker, Professor Lewis Akeley, E. D. Brookman, L. T. Sweezey, J. L. Jolley, and D. A. Brosius. As usual at the time, the residences lack addresses. Three pages show photographs of churches in Vermillion and Dalesburg, sometimes including photos of the interior of the buildings. A short blurb In the December 23, 1902, Vermillion Plain Talk, advertised “Jonasson’s booklet”, Vermillion and Vicinity, as a souvenir costing fifty cents (equivalent to about $19 in 2026). The booklet’s turn of the twentieth century content is priceless for researchers of Vermillion and its surroundings.

The first week of May everyone on campus was cramming for finals and preparing for summer. I was in the same boat as everyone else, cramming for finals and preparing to head home for a week. It was within that week that I was informed that a position in the archives was open and I quickly put in an application. It wasn’t until the next week, while I was at home that I heard anything on the job, and through email correspondence I set up an interview time for the following week. As the interview came and went I felt very positive about the prospect and possibility of receiving a job within the archives, and before the week was up I had a new job in the archives. The following week after accepting the job offer, my struggle was real and the twister of life sucked me up and dropped me into the land of archives (once all my paper work was in order). From that first week up to now it has been an adventure, somethings such as phase boxes and photo copying take longer than others and aren’t to entirely glamorous. The staff in the archives are some of the friendliest and nicest people I have had the experience to work with. Doris is always ready to help answer my question and direct me in the right direction. As time continues I feel that much like the scavenger hunt I completed at the beginning of my time here in the archives, some tasks will be easier while others I will struggle my way through. Yet at the end of the day I know that this is only the beginning of my adventures here in the archives.

The staff from the Archives and Special Collections needs your help in identifying this pin. Our assumption is that it is from World War II, but we would like to have more information. Please comment if you have any more information about this pin.

The Schell Collection contains 3 pins relating to Theodore Roosevelt’s presidential campaigns. 26th President 1904-1908

The Schell Collection also contains several pins and buttons relating to South Dakota. Mobridge